Work Engagement as a Mediator Between Psychological Well-Being and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Among Employees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26858/brain.v3i2.83Keywords:
psychological well being, work engagement, organizational citizenship behaviorAbstract
This study aims to examine the role of work engagement as a mediator in the relationship between psychological well-being and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among employees. A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving 111 employees from various industry sectors selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires measuring three variables: psychological well-being (18 items), work engagement (17 items based on the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale), and organizational citizenship behavior (20 items). Data analysis included instrument reliability and validity testing, classical assumption tests, hierarchical regression analysis, and mediation testing using the Sobel test and bootstrapping technique (5,000 resamples). The results show that psychological well-being has a positive and significant effect on work engagement (β = .988; p < .001), work engagement has a positive and significant effect on OCB (β = .859; p < .001), and psychological well-being has a positive and significant effect on OCB both directly (β = .141; p < .001) and indirectly through work engagement (indirect effect = .969; Sobel z = 22.39; p < .001; 95% bootstrap CI [.875, 1.063]). These findings indicate that work engagement partially mediates the relationship between psychological well-being and OCB, with a mediated proportion of 85.78%. The practical implication of this study is the importance of organizations attending to employees' psychological well-being as a strategy to enhance work engagement while simultaneously fostering organizational citizenship behavior.
Downloads
References
Agustin, I., & Maryam, E. W. (2022). Well-being workplace for PT X employees in Sidoarjo. Academia Open, 6, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.6.2022.2195
Biswal, K., Srivastava, K. B. L., & Alli, S. F. (2023). Psychological capital and work engagement: Moderating role of social relationships. Annals of Neurosciences, 32(2), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231198964
Briankusuma, G. D., & Izzati, U. A. (2022). The relationship between the quality of work life and psychological well-being in teachers.Character: Journal of Psychological Research, 9(1), 11–20.
Farisi, S., Muslih, Siswadi, Y., & Arif, M. (2024). Factor affecting work engagement, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 28(2), 293–317. https://doi.org/10.24912/jm.v28i2.1817
Fitri, R. L., & Hurriyati, D. (2024). The role of work engagement in achieving work-life balance in organic workers. INSPIRA: Indonesian Journal of Psychological Research, 5(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.32505/inspira.v5i1.7097
George, O. J., Okon, S. E., & Akaighe, G. O. (2021). Psychological capital and work engagement among employees in the Nigerian public sector: The mediating role of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Public Administration, 46(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2021.2001010
Gümüştaş, C., & Karataş Gümüştaş, N. (2023). Workplace incivility and organizational citizenship behaviour: Moderated mediation model of work engagement and organizational identity. Current Psychology, 42(35), 31448–31460.
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Jufrizen, Khair, H., & Sari, A. P. (2023). Work engagement: Determinants and its effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 27(2), 254–275. https://doi.org/10.24912/jm.v27i2.1130
Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin Institute). (2026).Gallup Survey: State of the Global Workplace 2025 — Workforce challenges and new directions for employee engagement in Indonesia.Kadin Institute Indonesia. https://kadininstitute.id/gallup-survey-global-workspace/
Kong, X. (2021). Chinese English as a foreign language teachers' self-efficacy and psychological well-being as predictors of their work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 788756. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.788756
Liu, Z., Chen, C., Cui, H., & Hu, Y. (2023). The relationship between nurses' social network degree centrality and organizational citizenship behavior: The multiple mediating effects of job satisfaction and work engagement. Heliyon, 9(9), e19302.
Mishra, H., & Venkatesan, M. (2023). Psychological well-being of employees, its precedents and outcomes: A literature review and proposed framework. Management and Labour Studies, 48(1), 7–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X221117960
Organ, D. W. (1988).Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books.
Park, J., & Chae, H. (2024). The need for status, organizational citizenship behavior, and overall evaluation: Focusing on the moderating effects of political skill and task visibility. Behavioral Sciences, 14(2), Article 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14020105
Pashiera, R. S., & Budiono, B. (2023). The role of work engagement as an intervening variable in the influence of psychological well-being and work environment on employee performance at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 3 Surabaya Office.Journal of Management Science, 11(2).
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.
Safinaz, I., & Izzati, U. A. (2022). The relationship between psychological well-being and work engagement in SMK teachers.Character: Journal of Psychological Research, 9(4), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v9i4.46797
Saleem, M. S., Isha, A. S. N., Yusop, Y. M., Awan, M. I., & Naji, G. M. A. (2022). The role of psychological capital and work engagement in enhancing construction workers' safety behavior. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Article 810145. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.810145
Santos, R. S., Lousã, E. P., Sá, M. M., & Cordeiro, J. A. (2023). First, be a good citizen: Organizational citizenship behaviors, well-being at work and the moderating role of leadership styles. Behavioral Sciences, 13(10), Article 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13100811
Saragih, M. R. G., & Yuniasanti, R. (2023). Work engagement and psychological well-being in millennial employees.Journal of Intention: Integration of Psychological Research, 1(2), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.26486/intensi.v1i2.3324
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
Sugiyono. (2019).Quantitative, qualitative, and R&D research methods.Alphabet.
Wang, H., Liu, G., Wang, M., & Dong, Y. (2021). Leader narcissism and employee organizational citizenship behavior directed toward the leader: Roles of perceived insider status and need for self-esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 747330. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.747330
Xu, Q., Liu, S., & Huang, H. (2024). Psychological empowerment and challenge-oriented organizational citizenship behavior: A dual process model. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1432260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1432260
Zampetakis, L. A., & Arvanitis, A. (2024). Finding an autonomous path to positive change: A self-determination theory view of daily change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-05965-y
![](<img src="https://www.clipartmax.com/png/middle/38-383641_open-access-logo-plos-transparent-open-access-logo.png" alt="Open Access Logo Plos Transparent - Open Access Logo@clipartmax.com">){kind=spacer}
